Category 1 Biological Agents and Toxins

HHS and USDA Select USDA Agents and Toxins

  • Abrin
  • Bacillus cereus Biovar anthracis
  • Botulinum neurotoxins
  • Clostridium botulinum and neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridia
  • Conotoxins (Short, paralytic alpha conotoxins containing the following amino acid sequence X1CCX2PACGX3X4X5X6CX7)
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Diacetoxyscirpenol
  • Eastern equine encephalitis virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Lassa fever virus
  • Lujo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Mpox virus Clade I
  • 1918-1919 H1N1 including reconstructed replication competent forms of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments (Reconstructed 1918 Influenza virus)
  • Ricin
  • Rickettsia prowazekii
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
  • SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 chimeric viruses resulting from any deliberate manipulation of SARS-CoV-2 to incorporate nucleic acids coding for SARS-CoV virulence factors
  • Saxitoxin
  • South American Haemorrhagic Fever virus Chapare
  • South American Haemorrhagic Fever virus Guanarito
  • South American Haemorrhagic Fever virus Junín
  • South American Haemorrhagic Fever virus Machupo
  • South American Haemorrhagic Fever virus Sabia
  • Staphylococcal enterotoxins (subtypes A, B, C, D, E)
  • T-2 toxin
  • Tetrodotoxin
  • Tick-borne encephalitis complex (flavi) virus Far Eastern subtype
  • Tick-borne encephalitis complex (flavi) virus Siberian subtype
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
  • Variola major virus (Smallpox virus)
  • Variola minor virus (Alastrim)
  • Yersinia pestis
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus anthracis Pasteur strain
  • Brucella abortus
  • Brucella melitensis
  • Brucella suis
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Hendra virus
  • Nipah virus
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis
  • African horse sickness virus
  • African swine fever virus
  • Avian influenza virus [this is included here as a veterinary select agent in 9 CFR 121.3. Low pathogenicity strains are excluded.]
  • Classical swine fever virus
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • Goat pox virus
  • Lumpy skin disease virus
  • Mycoplasma capricolum
  • Mycoplasma mycoides
  • Newcastle disease virus
  • Peste des petis ruminants virus
  • Rinderpest virus
  • Sheep pox virus
  • Swine vesicular disease virus
  • Coniothyrium glycines (formerly Phoma glycinicola and Pyrenochaeta glycines)
  • Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Peronosclerospora sacchari)
  • Ralstonia solanacearum
  • Rathaybicater toxicus
  • Sclerophthora rayssiae
  • Synchytrium endobioticum
  • Xanthomonas oryzae

NIH Risk Group 4 Agents

  • Tick-borne encephalitis complex including Absetterov, Central European encephalitis, Hanzalova, Hypr, and Kumlinge
  • Herpesvirus simiae (herpes B or monkey B virus)
  • Hemorrhagic fever agents and viruses as yet undefined

Other Risk Group 3 Pathogens

  • Bartonella
  • Brucella
  • Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly R. tsutsugamushi)
  • Pasteurella multocida type B - "buffalo" and other virulent strains
  • Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. canada, R. conorii, R. rickettsii, R, siberica, R. typhi (R. mooseri)
  • Chikungunya virus, except the vaccine strain 181/25
  • Semliki Forest virus
  • St. Louis encephalitis virus
  • Flexal virus
  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) (neurotropic strains)
  • Hantaviruses, including Hantaan virus
  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
  • Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
  • Japanese encephalitis virus, except strain SA 14-14-2
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Human influenza A virus H2N2 (1957-1968)
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus H5Nx strains within the Goose/Guangdong/96-like H5 lineage (e.g., H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, etc.)
  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents (e.g., Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease and kuru agents)

Other

  • Any attenuated pathogen or vaccine strain that is currently excluded from the Select Agent Regulations that exhibits the recovery of virulence at or near the wild-type
  • Mpox virus clade I/II chimeric viruses resulting from any deliberate manipulation of clade II to incorporate nucleic acids coding for clade I virulence factors